접속사와 전치사 구별 (Conjunctions vs Prepositions) - 영어 필수 문법

📌 핵심 개념

공무원 영어 시험에서 접속사와 전치사의 구별은 매년 빠짐없이 출제되는 핵심 문법 포인트입니다. 둘의 가장 큰 차이는 뒤에 오는 문법 요소입니다:

 

• 접속사 + 절(주어 + 동사): Because he was late, he missed the bus.
• 전치사 + 명사(구): Because of his lateness, he missed the bus.

이 한 가지 원리만 확실히 이해하면, 시험에서 이 유형의 문제를 빠르고 정확하게 풀 수 있습니다.

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📖 기본 규칙

규칙 1: 접속사 + 절 (S + V)

접속사 뒤에는 반드시 주어 + 동사가 포함된 완전한 절이 옵니다.

 

절과 명사구

규칙 2: 전치사 + 명사(구)

전치사 뒤에는 명사(구) 또는 동명사(V-ing)가 옵니다.

규칙 3: 혼동하기 쉬운 짝

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⚠️ 자주 출제되는 포인트

포인트 1: because vs because of

because + 절 (주어 + 동사)

The game was canceled because it rained heavily.
(경기가 취소되었다, 비가 많이 왔기 때문에.)

because of + 명사(구)

The game was canceled because of the heavy rain.
(경기가 취소되었다, 폭우 때문에.)

(X) Because of he was sick, he stayed home.
(O) Because he was sick, he stayed home.
(O) Because of his sickness, he stayed home.

포인트 2: although vs despite

although / though / even though + 절

Although he was tired, he finished the project.
(피곤했음에도 불구하고, 그는 프로젝트를 마쳤다.)

despite / in spite of + 명사(구)

Despite his tiredness, he finished the project.
(피곤함에도 불구하고, 그는 프로젝트를 마쳤다.)

(X) Despite he was tired, he finished the project.
(O) Despite his tiredness, he finished the project.
(O) Despite being tired, he finished the project. (동명사도 가능!)

특별 표현: despite the fact that + 절 (가능!)
Despite the fact that he was tired, he finished the project.

포인트 3: while vs during

while + 절 (주어 + 동사)

While I was studying, the phone rang.
(공부하고 있는 동안 전화가 울렸다.)

during + 명사(구)

During the summer vacation, I traveled to Japan.
(여름 방학 동안 일본을 여행했다.)

(X) During I was sleeping, someone knocked the door.
(O) While I was sleeping, someone knocked the door.
(O) During my sleep, someone knocked the door.

포인트 4: 접속부사 (Conjunctive Adverbs)

접속부사는 접속사처럼 보이지만 두 절을 직접 연결하지 못합니다. 반드시 세미콜론(;) 또는 마침표(.)로 문장을 분리해야 합니다.

접속사와 접속부사 구분법

올바른 사용법

(X) He was tired, however he kept working.  ← 쉼표로 연결 불가!
(O) He was tired; however, he kept working.  ← 세미콜론
(O) He was tired. However, he kept working.  ← 마침표
(O) Although he was tired, he kept working.  ← 접속사 사용

접속부사의 위치

접속부사는 문장 처음, 중간, 끝에 올 수 있고, 쉼표로 분리합니다.

However, the results were disappointing. (문두)
The results, however, were disappointing. (문중)
The results were disappointing, however. (문말)

 

포인트 5: 접속사 vs 접속부사 빠른 구별법

위 svg5 이미지에서 접속사 vs 접속부사 비교표도 함께 확인하세요.

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🔍 예문으로 확인하기

예문 1: because vs because of

Because the traffic was heavy, I was late. (접속사 + 절)
Because of the heavy traffic, I was late. (전치사 + 명사구)

예문 2: although vs despite

Although she studied hard, she failed the exam. (접속사 + 절)
Despite her hard study, she failed the exam. (전치사 + 명사구)

예문 3: while vs during

While the teacher was explaining, students took notes. (접속사 + 절)
During the explanation, students took notes. (전치사 + 명사구)

예문 4: 접속부사 however

She studied hard; however, she failed the exam.
(그녀는 열심히 공부했다; 하지만 시험에 떨어졌다.)

예문 5: due to

The flight was delayed due to bad weather.
(비행기가 악천후로 인해 지연되었다.)
※ due to는 전치사이므로 뒤에 명사구!

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❌ 오답 함정 피하기

함정 1: 접속사 자리에 전치사 넣기

(X) Despite he was rich, he was unhappy.
(O) Although he was rich, he was unhappy.
(O) Despite his wealth, he was unhappy.

함정 2: 전치사 자리에 접속사 넣기

(X) He succeeded because of he worked hard.
(O) He succeeded because he worked hard.
(O) He succeeded because of his hard work.

 

however althogh

함정 3: however를 접속사처럼 사용

(X) It was raining, however we went out.
(O) It was raining; however, we went out.
(O) Although it was raining, we went out.

함정 4: during + 절

(X) During she was away, the house was robbed.
(O) While she was away, the house was robbed.
(O) During her absence, the house was robbed.

함정 5: 혼동하기 쉬운 단어들

unlike (전치사) vs while/whereas (접속사)

(X) Unlike he is rich, he is not generous.
(O) Unlike his brother, he is not generous.
(O) While he is rich, he is not generous.

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📝 실전 연습 문제

문제 1. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?

__ the heavy snow, the flight was canceled.
(A) Because (B) Although (C) Due to (D) Since

 

문제 2. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?

__ she was exhausted, she continued to work.
(A) Despite (B) In spite of (C) Although (D) Because of

 

문제 3. 어법상 틀린 것은?

(A) Because of his illness, he missed the meeting.
(B) Despite the rain, they went on a picnic.
(C) During he was abroad, his family moved.
(D) Although it was cold, we enjoyed the hike.

 

문제 4. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?

The company went bankrupt; __, many employees lost their jobs.
(A) because (B) although (C) therefore (D) despite

 

문제 5. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?

__ his lack of experience, he managed to do a good job.
(A) Although (B) Even though (C) However (D) In spite of

 

문제 6. 어법상 올바른 것은?

(A) The project failed, however the team worked hard.
(B) Despite of the delay, we arrived on time.
(C) Because of the manager resigned, we need a new leader.
(D) Although the task was difficult, she completed it on time.

문제 7. 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?

__ I was waiting for the bus, I read a book.
(A) During (B) While (C) Despite (D) Because of

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정답 및 해설

1번 정답: (C) Due to
빈칸 뒤에 "the heavy snow"(명사구)가 왔으므로 전치사 Due to가 적절합니다. Because와 Since는 뒤에 절이 필요합니다.

 

2번 정답: (C) Although
빈칸 뒤에 "she was exhausted"(절)가 왔으므로 접속사 Although가 적절합니다. Despite과 In spite of는 뒤에 명사구가 필요합니다.

 

3번 정답: (C)
During은 전치사이므로 뒤에 절이 올 수 없습니다. "While he was abroad" 또는 "During his stay abroad"가 올바릅니다.

 

4번 정답: (C) therefore
세미콜론(;) 다음에는 접속부사가 와야 합니다. therefore(그러므로)가 적절합니다.

 

5번 정답: (D) In spite of
빈칸 뒤에 "his lack of experience"(명사구)가 왔으므로 전치사 In spite of가 적절합니다.

 

6번 정답: (D)
(A) however는 접속부사 → 세미콜론 필요 (B) despite of → despite (of 불필요) (C) because of + 절 불가

 

7번 정답: (B) While
빈칸 뒤에 "I was waiting"(절)이 왔으므로 접속사 While이 적절합니다.

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💡 시험장 꿀팁

꿀팁 1: 빈칸 뒤 확인이 핵심!

1. 빈칸 뒤에 주어 + 동사(절)가 오면 → 접속사
2. 빈칸 뒤에 명사(구)가 오면 → 전치사
3. 이것 하나만 기억하면 90%의 문제를 풀 수 있습니다!

꿀팁 2: 빈출 짝 암기

위 svg4 이미지에서 빈출 짝 대응표를 확인하세요.

꿀팁 3: however 함정 주의

however는 접속부사입니다!

• 쉼표(,)만으로 두 절을 연결할 수 없습니다.
• 세미콜론(;) 또는 마침표(.)가 필요합니다.
• 시험에서 "however" 앞에 쉼표만 있으면 → 오답!

꿀팁 4: despite 뒤에 절이 올 수 있는 유일한 방법

despite + the fact that + 절

Despite the fact that it was raining, we went out.
이 패턴이 보기에 나오면 정답일 확률이 높습니다!

꿀팁 5: 3초 풀이법

1. 보기 확인: 접속사/전치사 보기 구별
2. 빈칸 뒤 확인: 절(S+V)인가? 명사구인가?
3. 매칭: 절 → 접속사 / 명사구 → 전치사

이 3단계로 빈칸 채우기 문제를 빠르게 해결하세요!

 

 

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